A synopsis of the West Indian Dioscoreaceae is presented. The genus Rajania L. is reduced to a section of Dioscorea L., requiring six new names, 11 new combinations, and reestablishment of two names. Explanations are provided in cases where mixed specimens or otherwise inadequate type material has led to the historical misapplication of names. Lectotypes are designated for 26 names and updated synonymy is provided for all native members of the West Indian Dioscoreaceae. Of the 121 names cited at species level and below, 26 species, one subspecies and a single variety are recognized.