BASIN). A new species of Sphenophyta from Lower Permian strata of the Paraná Basin is recorded herein, which is characterized by its long free leaflets and shows similarities with forms, assigned to morphogenera Phyllopitys Zalessky and Annulina Neuburg, typical taxa from "Angarian Flora".The specimens come from two different sections, both belonging to the Itararé Group (Supergroup Tubarão), situated at the Morro do Papaléo outcrop, in the municipality of Mariana Pimentel, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil.Some of the study specimens were previously classified as Phyllotheca indica Bunbury.Nevertheless a more accurate analysis indicated that specimens are not really belonging to this morphospecies.New collections and comparisons with other already described specimens led to the proposition of a new species of the genus Phyllotheca.Despite the similarities with Phyllopitys, difficulties in the characterization of this morphogenus and the absence of fertile portions in this material did not permit to establish a real botanic affinity between this form and Angarian ones.Anyway, one cannot discard the possibility that apparent similarity amongst vegetative portions just represents a phenomenon of homoplasy, as already assigned to other similar floristic elements found in distinct Paleozoic floral realms.