Background: One of the most common complications in the kidney allograft recipient is the symptomatic or asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI). For many years, physicians considered this pathological process a “benign” course disease in the kidney transplant recipient; However, great advances in knowledge and management of the serious complications of kidney transplantation have demonstrated pathological conditions that can decrease and worsen kidney allograft function and survival, among them UTI. Review Criteria: PubMed and Embase databases were searched, MeSH terms used were: “kidney transplantation”, “urinary tract infection”, “bacteriuria” and “renal transplant infections”. We limited our search to clinical trials, randomized controlled trials and reviews in the past 10 years. Abstracts of retrieved citations were reviewed and prioritized by relevance. Results: UTI is the most common infectious complication after kidney transplantation, around the world the estimated incidence is between 25 - 80%. Diagnosis should be made on the basis of particular signs and symptoms of the patient since this population does not show typical clinical features. Urinalysis can show pyuria and bacteriuria, and the urine culture will show 10 5 UFC per ml. Usually, Gram negative rods (i.e. Escherichia coli) are etiologic pathogens but presence of other microorganisms must always be suspected. Some authors suggest many clinical conditions associated with the UTI in the kidney recipient allograft, among them: Diabetes Mellitus, female gender, functional and anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract, repetitive episodes of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB), use of ureteral stents, Citomegalovirus infection, cadaveric allograft and, double renal transplant. Even some authors suggest the type and amount of immunosuppression as a risk factor for developing UTI. Some studies show the AB as an underlying factor of recurrent UTI in renal transplant recipients, it is commonly considered a “not apparent” inflammatory process that may shoot the graft rejection or its dysfunction. According to the literature review there is no established relationship between the UTI and survival of the allograft. However, some articles suggest a decreased allograft function or its rejection. Therefore; it must be early identified and properly treated to avoid effects on the allograft function. Conclusions: There are many factors associated with the UTI in the kidney transplant recipients; nowadays, it is not clear the role of UTI in function and survival of the kidney allograft. However, it would be beneficial to assume the UTI as a risk factor for poor prognosis in kidney transplantation, the possibility of UTI should be considered and if necessary begin antimicrobial therapy to the kidney transplant recipient. Local epidemiology patterns and local patterns of microbiological susceptibility to antibiotics must be considered. Although the effects of the AB on the allograft or survival of the recipient are not yet well known; at least during the first year (especially during the first six months) of transplantation, a periodic screening of urine culture and urinalysis are suggested along with the treatment of the condition as appropriate. According to our experience, prophylaxis with cranberry juice is advisable to patients that have developed one or more episodes of AB or UTI.