Introduccion: la infertilidad afecta del 10 al 15% de las parejas. Una causa importante en ambos miembros de la pareja es la disrupcion o ausencia de celulas germinales. Se han realizado modelos de experimentacion in vitro para el estudio de los mecanismos moleculares o geneticos implicados y para el posterior desarrollo de futuros tratamientos para esta condicion. Objetivo: puntualizar sobre los adelantos que se han sucedido en reprogramacion celular e inferir sobre su potencial aplicacion en infertilidad por ausencia de gametos femeninos. Metodologia: revision tematica. Se realizo busqueda informatica en Pubmed, Cochrane, Core Journals, Clinical trials, Ovid, SciELO y LILACS. Tambien busqueda manual en los periodicos o portales cientificos: Cell, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL), The Hadassah Human Embrionic Stem Cell Research Center, American Journal of Clinical Patology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Applications (CIRA). Sin limite de edad, genero, en lengua inglesa y en espanol, publicados desde el ano 1950 hasta el ano 2012. Se incluyeron estudios en humanos y animales. 98 resumenes de articulos fueron obtenidos, 51 considerados pertinentes y todos fueron revisados en texto completo. Resultados: se encontraron importantes publicaciones en los ultimos cincuenta anos que documentan los adelantos y el desarrollo tecnologico cumplido con las celulas madres hasta llegar a la reprogramacion celular. Estudios en modelos de experimentacion, en animales de diferentes especies y en celulas humanas han demostrado que la especializacion celular puede hacerse reversible, permitiendo la creacion de herramientas terapeuticas para distintas patologias, incluida la infertilidad por ausencia de gametos, sobre todo por falla ovarica temprana. Nueva terminologia ha sido propuesta, para identificar a las celulas creadas luego de reprogramacion a partir de factores genicos de trascripcion cada vez mejor conocidos. Conclusion: la reprogramacion celular es un campo en desarrollo, de grandes adelantos que rapidamente se ha convertido en la llave para en un futuro proximo abordar patologias que hoy no tienen tratamiento. La entrega del Premio Nobel de Medicina en el 2012 a dos de sus pioneros (John B. Gurdon y Shinya Yamanaka), es una expresion de reconocimiento y tambien de las expectativas que se tienen en la reprogramacion celular para la salud en general, y en particular para la infertilidad por carencia de gametos masculinos y femeninos. Rev.Cienc.Biomed. 2012;3(2):317-326 PALABRAS CLAVES Celulas madre embrionarias; Celulas pluripotentes inducidas; Celulas humanas pluripotentes inducidas; Reprogramacion celular; Infertilidad; Gametos; Falla ovarica temprana. SUMMARY Introduction: The infertility affects 10 to 15% of the couples. An important cause in both members of the couple is the disruption or absence of germinal cells. Models of in vitro experiments have been carried out to study the molecular or genetic mechanisms involved and for the development of future treatments for this condition. Objective: To specify about the advances that have followed in cellular reprogramming and to infer about its potential application in infertility by absence of female gametes. Methods: Thematic review. A computer research was done in Pubmed, Cochrane, Core Journals, Clinical trials, Ovid, SciELO and LILACS. Also manual search in the newspapers or scientific websites: Cell, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL), The Hadassah Human Embrionic Stem Cell Research Center, American Journal of Clinical Patology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Applications (CIRA). There were included those without limit of age or gender and in Spanish and English that were published since 1950 to 2012. Studies in humans and animals were included. 98 summaries of articles were gotten and 52 were considered pertinent. All of these were reviewed in complete text. Results: There were found important publications in the last fifty years that document the advances and the technological development got with the Stem Cell until the cellular reprogramming. Studies in experimentation models, in animals of different species and in human cells have proved that cellular specialization can become reversible, allowing the creation of therapeutics tools for different pathologies, included the infertility by absence of gametes, above everything by premature ovarian failure. New terminology has been proposed to identify to the cells that were created after the reprogramming as of gene factors of transcription every time better known. Conclusion: Cellular reprogramming is a field in development, that have become the key to tackle pathologies in a future that today don´t have treatment. The delivery of the Nobel Prize of Medicine in 2012 to two of its pioneers (John B. Gurdon y Shinya Yamanaka), is an expression of recognition and also about the expectations that exist in the cellular reprogramming for the health in general, and in particular for the infertility by absence of male and female gametes. Rev.Cienc.Biomed. 2012;3(2):317- 326 KEYWORD Embryonic stem cells; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Induced pluripotent human stem cells; Cellular reprogramming; Infertility; Gametes; Premature ovarian failure.