Cassava is a tropical root crop widely grown on very infertile soils that are frequently extremely acidic. It has acquired the reputation for being a crop that yields well under very low fertility conditions and is consequently often the last crop to be grown in a cropping cycle. This chapter reviews the ability of cassava to grow at low nutrient levels, tolerance of low pH and associated toxicity problems, nutrient requirements for maximum yield, and water requirements. Farmers frequently state that cassava exhausts the soil nutrients. It seems evident that any crop that produces well on deficient soils must further deplete the soil, hence cassava should be considered as a crop that produces well on low fertility soils, not as a soil depleting crop. Cassava, like most other crops, will not tolerate excess water. Yields can be seriously reduced by poor drainage on heavy soils.