Fourteen species of Neotropical and four species of Paleotropical bats are thought to construct tents, by modifying large leaves and other plant parts in order to use them as diurnal roosts (Kunz and McCracken, 1996). These authors argue that the kinds of cuts on palm leaves and the architecture of the resulting tent are determined more by the general shape of the leaf than by the behavior of the bat species thought to be responsible for the construction of the tent. There is increasing evidence that some tent-making bats tend to have polygynous mating systems (Brooke, 1990; Kunz and McCracken 1996; Tan et al., 1997; Storz et al., 2000; reviewed in Kunz and Lumsden, 2003). Kunz and McCracken (1996) have suggested that tent making may be the result of nocturnal activity by a single male. Once a tent is completed, other females join the male and a harem is established (Kunz, 1994; Kunz and McCracken, 1996; Tan et al., 1997). The male defends the tent he has built, and, as females join him, he also defends them (Balasingh et al., 1995). A significant number of cases of apparent resource defense polygyny occur in frugivorous, tent-making species from Central and South America, all in the phyllostomid subfamily Stenodermatinae (Timm and Mortimer, 1976; Timm 1987; Brooke, 1990; Kunz, 1994; Kunz and McCracken, 1996; Stoner, 2000). Females seem to depend on the male to find a roost and this may have conditioned the establishment of harems, because the result is always an association between a group of females with a male who displays defensive behavior (Kunz and McCracken, 1996). In this report, we describe a new example of leaf modification, rather than tent making, in the big fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus.