Resumen Este articulo inicia con un breve recorrido a lo largo de los estudios gramaticales; recorrido que parte de la tradicion griega para terminar en el siglo XVII: el siglo de Descartes, de Pascal y de las Pequenas Escuelas de Port Royal, donde nace la Gramatica General y Razonada de Lancelot y Arnauld. La Gramatica es vista desde sus antecedentes, influencias y estructura, haciendo enfasis en los elementos logicos y linguisticos desde los que se concibe y se plantea. Finalmente, presenta algunas de los planteamientos que la linguistica moderna le adeuda. Palabras clave: Gramatica, lengua, lenguaje, pensamiento, razon, Port Royal, tradicion gramatical, cartesianismo. Abstract This article starts with a brief journey along grammar studies, which begin with the Greek tradition and ends in the XVII century, the century of Descartes, the century of Pascal, and the small Port Royal schools where the General and Rational Grammar by Lancelot and Arnauld is born. Grammar is studied considering its antecedents, influence and structure, emphasizing the logical and linguistic elements from which it is conceived and stated. Finally, this article presents some of the statements that modern linguistics took from it. Key words: grammar, language, tongue, thought, reason, Port Royal, grammar tradition, Cartesianism.