This article is the result of a research that sought to identify among socioeconomic, demographic, family and personal variables, those that affect the academic performance of students in the area of mathematics. The research was also motivated by the poor performance of secondary students in this area, both at an institutional and local levels. Using a logistic regression model, the structural variables mentioned were analyzed. The data were obtained from a questionnaire applied to a sample of seventh graders of Santa Rosa de Lima School at the city of Sincelejo. In the questionnaire the students were asked about socioeconomic, demographic, family, personal and physical aspects of housing in which they live and which may be related to their academic performance. Data were processed using the Statgraphics software and the information was organized in tables. The results showed that academic achievement and student performance is subject not only to school factors, but also to social, economic and family variables of the context where the student develops. Among these factors are number of siblings, sex, marital status of parents, race, parents´ income, with whom the student lives and student´s interest in studying.