We present a measurement of the fundamental parameter of the standard model, the weak mixing angle ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\text{eff}}^{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ which determines the relative strength of weak and electromagnetic interactions, in $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Z/{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ events at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV, using data corresponding to $9.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The effective weak mixing angle is extracted from the forward-backward charge asymmetry as a function of the invariant mass around the $Z$ boson pole. The measured value of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\text{eff}}^{\ensuremath{\ell}}=0.23147\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00047$ is the most precise measurement from light quark interactions to date, with a precision close to the best LEP and SLD results.