Bottom-quark production in $\overline{p}p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.8\mathrm{TeV}$ is studied with $5{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of data collected in 1995 by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The differential production cross section for $b$ jets in the central rapidity region ( $|{y}^{b}|<1$) as a function of jet transverse energy is extracted from a muon-tagged jet sample. Within experimental and theoretical uncertainties, D0 results are found to be higher than, but compatible with, next-to-leading-order QCD predictions.