The pervasive effect of armed conflicts on affected societies has kept scholars busy around the world. Since the end of the Cold War in particular, the number of explanatory efforts attributing armed conflict not only to the bipolar confrontation among the world’s super powers but to complex internal and external political, economic, and social dynamics of conflict-ridden countries has increased. In Colombia, decades of armed conflict have nurtured a prolific academic production. This article identifies some of the main lines of research on the topic of armed conflicts and peace studies. It suggests that with the passage of time, the literature has gained in complexity, diversity, and sophistication, displaying a notorious capacity to adapt and transform in the face of new conceptual and empirical challenges.