A new methodology that describes relevant aspects of microstructure characterization and mechanical properties analysis of aluminum alloys, which may be used in other metals, is presented here.The methodology is based on qualitative and quantitative techniques of analysis, and it is substantiated on the weldability concept, which is constructed by means of literature information, experimental methods, modeling, simulation and validation of the results.The proposed methodology helps ensuring the quality of welding, selection of process parameters windows, working conditions and in-depth studies of weldability on welded constructions.This work generates a useful document to support research and learning processes of welding, which could be used as reference for professionals of welding engineering and materials science.