AbstractThe killifish Orestias ascotanensis is endemic to the small isolated springs of Ascotán salt pan in the Central High Andes, Chile. Due to small populations, mining activity, and increasing aridity, this species is catalogued in danger of extinction. The complete mitochondrial genome of O. ascotanesis was assembled with an Ion Torrent sequencer (chip 318) that produced 2.61 million of reads. The 16 617 bp of the entire genome consisted of 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, and a control region, showing that the gene composition and arrangement match to that reported for most fishes.KeywordsAltiplanofreshwater fishmolecular phylogeneticsnext-generation sequencingNGS AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Romilio Espejo and OMICS-Solution (Chile) for Ion Torrent sequencing.Declaration of interestThe authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article. This study was supported by FONDECYT 1140543 (I. V.). C. Q. R. was funded by a postdoctoral award from the Rector of the University of Antofagasta. D. V. thanks Grants ICM P05-002, PFB-23, and NC120030.