This paper focuses on the evolution of violence trends in the three biggest Colombian cities, Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali. Two of those cities, Bogotá and Medellín, were able to cut dramatically their homicide rates, while Cali did not. The taming of violence in Bogotá and Medellín challenges structural explanations of urban violence in Latin America, which suggest that the effects of neoliberalism, juxtaposed to already very high levels of inequality and social exclusion, should “overwhelm” municipal administrations. The systematic comparison of Bogotá and Medellín, on the one hand, and Cali, on the other, suggests that any explanation of urban violence reduction should take into account political dimensions, including in particular city-level coalition building.