Hyloscirtus larinopygion is rediagnosed, and a new species formerly confused with that species is described from the highlands of the Central Cordillera in the Andes Mountains of Colombia. The new species differs from the other species of the H. larinopygion group by its color pattern, iris coloration, and presence of a nuptial pad with dark-brown epidermal projections. We discuss variation and diversity of nuptial pads, the calcar tubercle, and some aspects related to the swollen cloacal region in the H. larinopygion group. Finally, we discuss reproductive biology and problems involving the definition of a putative synapomorphy of Hyloscirtus.