Sustainable energy is important to achieve development and welfare of population because is a key to analysis how the countries use their energy as an element that strengthens productive activities from environmental protection perspective. This study seeks to determine the progress in sustainable energy in Colombia for the last decade analysing trends and challenges of energy efficiency through some indicators to establish results, achieves, gaps and barriers in the context of the institutional and policy framework. Results of this analysis demonstrated that Colombia has achieved significant advances in this field recognizing the need to increase energy efficiency especially in the power, industrial and transport sectors. Colombian government has formulated two regulations (Law 691/2001 and Decree 3683/2003) and PROURE program with Resolution 180919/2010 to implement various measures to promote energy efficiency. However, this country has several challenges to achieve a better use of energy that decrease environmental impacts whereas it strengthens economic growth and development.