Supracondylar fractures are on the of the most common injuries in paediatric patients. Therapeutic consequences depend on the one hand on the degree of the osseous displacement according to the Gartland classification. On the other hand, the diagnosis of concomitant neuro-vascular injuries is crucial to prevent long term impairment. Never the less, clinical diagnosis can be challenging. In-depth knowledge of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures is a prerequisite to achieve a functionally and cosmetically satisfactory long-term outcome.