Resumen: El autor plantea un marco teorico para analizar el fenomeno del conflicto armado y la violencia politica en algunas regiones de Colombia durante los ultimos vente anos (1988-2008). Es una propuesta que recoge el legado de trabajos de sociologos e historiadores que durante estos anos se dedicaron a analizar los fenomenos mencionados y propone una actualizacion del analisis desde una perspectiva propia y muy ligada a los hallazgos de una investigacion social que ha consultado la opinion y las perspectivas de distintos actores involucrados. Los ejes que guian el analisis del autor son de reconocida tradicion: sociedad civil y estado. Palabras clave: Violencia, Conflicto, Estado, Nororiente, Oriente, Colombia, Analisis, 1988-2008 Abstract: The author proposes a theoretical framework to analyze the phenomenon of the armed conflict and political violence in some regions of Colombia along the latest twenty years (1988-2008). It is a proposal that considers the research legacy of some sociologists and historians who in these two decades devoted themselves to look into the phenomena mentioned above and which furthers an updated analysis from the author’s own perspective linked to the findings of social research that has resourced to the opinions and views of different actors involved in the conflict. The concepts that guide the author’s analysis have a renowned tradition: civil society and State. Key words: Violence, Conflict, State, North-eastern, Eastern, Colombia, Analysis, 1988-2008.