mental design may under lie observed differ ences in sensitivity to detect neuro toxicity, possibly because of differences in bio kinetics and exposure during sensitive windows of development.Fortunately, much effort is tak ing place in the scientific community to opti mize experi mental designs at different levels of biological complexity, including (develop mental) neuro behavioral studies.Although a critical review on the impact of different experi mental designs for in vivo (developmen tal) neuro toxicity studies would be very use ful, it was beyond the scope of our review (Dingemans et al. 2011).