Intra-amniotic infection (IAI) is associated with preterm birth and perinatal mortality. To identify potential biomarkers, we performed a comprehensive survey of the cervical−vaginal fluid (CVF) proteome from a primate IAI model utilizing multidimensional protein identification technology (LC/LC−MS/MS) and MALDI-TOF−MS analyses. Analyses of CVF proteome identified 205 unique proteins and differential expression of 27 proteins in controls and IAI samples. Protein expression signatures and immunodetection of specific biomarkers identified can be employed for noninvasive detection of IAI. Keywords: intra-amniotic infection • preterm birth • cervical−vaginal fluid