In this article we examined some psychosocial factors and cognitive attitudes related to sexual practices under the influence of alcohol and drugs among adolescents in the city of Medellín in 2011. The type of study was non-experimental with a descriptive and correlational level. The sample consisted of 955 students in grades 9, 10 and 11 public and private colleges. Age, sex, type of family, persons responsible for raising, group influence and cognitive and affective attitudes; play an important role in the performance of risky sexual practices on the use of alcohol and drugs during adolescence.