In 1973, Chile lived the most dramatic chapter of its recent history, the military coup. Ideological confrontation prior to that date, left an indelible imprint on society. In rural areas, the situation was no different, since, while groups such as the peasant revolutionary movement promoted the Elimination of the large estate, employer groups and the political right sought to destabilize the Government of Salvador Allende, through violence and sabotage. In this paper we analyze the origins of the peasant indigenous discourse and the reactionary rhetoric in Cautín province, in the South of Chile.