Our work has focused on the genetic determinants of primary affective disorders and the genetic mechanisms involved in the psychopharmacological treatment of these disorders. We have reported morbidity risk data in manic-depressive (bipolar) and depressive (unipolar) patients and tested various computerized mathematical models of inheritance of affective illness. We have demonstrated close linkage between color blindness and bipolar manic-depressive illness and the absence of such linkage in unipolar illness.