The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and the factors associated with HIV testing and pre- and post-test counselling (PPTC) in Colombia. Cross-sectional data from the National Health Survey carried out during 2007 were analysed. Data were gathered from records of 29,760 individuals between the ages of 18 and 69 from the main regions of the country. Only 19.7% of the sample had taken an HIV test. Men, people with no education, those not affiliated with the health-care system, residents of rural areas and those aged older than 65 were less likely to have been tested for HIV; 42% of those tested did not receive pre-test counselling and 56.9% received no report of the results. Considering the low prevalence of HIV testing among the Colombian population, it is necessary to design and apply guidelines for HIV screening in all health-care settings and to conduct targeted testing in high-risk sub-populations. A national norm of PPTC in those who undergo HIV testing should be examined.