It has been aimed to characterize the scientific production of Brazilian Psychology about unemployment. Articles, dissertations and thesis (58) have been collected and analyzed scientometrically and thematically. The documents were published between 1987 and 2012, being mainly empirical researches. The most studied subjects were: mental health, social context and strategies for unemployment facing. The research contributions are related to interventions and theoretical advances for the Psychology, the unemployment understanding or the improvement of services and policies. It is concluded that Brazilian Psychology studies the unemployment through the mental health and the unemployed characteristics, investigating the social elements bonded to the unemployment. It is necessary thematic and methodological changes by prioritizing a political perspective of emancipation of workers.