In this paper we present a literature review, techniques for fault detection in induction motor stator on three-phase using the spatial vector. We focus on these techniques because it allows to verify the extent of the failure and its class, with the advantage of using non-invasive techniques that allow us to check the status of an engine without the aggravation of having to take out it of service. We especially like that the progress in the last decade, using the technique of Park's vector and the geometric characteristics of the vector for detect the fault and size of the fault.