Violence is becoming an increasingly serious problem in the Americas, and in some countries a distinctive ‘culture of violence’ has developed. This is affecting children and adolescents, mainly the disadvantaged, both as protagonists and victims, particularly of ‘death squads’ attacking street children in some Latin American countries. In the United States, ready availability of guns, and in Latin America links to the drugs trade, are major factors. Attempts to deal with the problem have been repressive or paternalistic. The recommended strategy involves active participation of the youngsters but also active measures to reduce poverty, reform the judical system and do away with guns.