The book Os Holandeses no Rio Grande in addition to being the source for the beatification of the Protomartyrs of Brazil, was also the starting point for the invention of the Catholic identity in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.This paper thinks the events of its time, as the Brazilian Communist Rebellion of 1935 and the Spanish Civil War; as well as the events of the past, as the Dutch Invasion and its characters, as Felipe Camarão.In this regard, Os Holandeses no Rio Grande dialogued with books and thinkers that worked with the northeastern regionalism and the very idea of the Nation, through contents such as Anti-communism, Anti-Semitism, Integralism and Catholic thought.Therefore, it is believed that this case study allows the investigation of the very meaning of Local and Regional History, as well as to demonstrate the importance of the History of Historiography for its understanding.