ImpactU Versión 3.11.2 Última actualización: Interfaz de Usuario: 16/10/2025 Base de Datos: 29/08/2025 Hecho en Colombia
Synthesis Process and Magnetic Characterization of the Novel Aurivillius Ferroelectric Material ${\hbox{Bi}}_{4}{\hbox{Gd}}_{2}{\hbox{Ti}}_{3}{\hbox{Fe}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}_{18}$
Comprehensive research of the synthesis process by high temperature solid-state reaction method, the crystal structure characterization, and the magnetic properties of the Aurivillius type Bi-layered perovskite-like structure <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox{Bi}}_{4}{\hbox{Gd}}_{2}{\hbox{Ti}}_{3}{\hbox{Fe}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}_{18}$</tex> </formula> was undertaken. Patterns of X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld analysis allow us to establish that this material crystallizes in a pseudo-orthorhombic structure which belongs to the I2cm (#46) space group. The crystal structure is characterized by <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox{Bi}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}_{2}$</tex></formula> layers and complex perovskite-like structures, with quintuplets octahedra <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox{TiO}}_{6}$</tex></formula> , and the Bi-cations occupying the A-site. The unit-cell parameters are given by <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$a=5.5234(2)\ \hbox{\rm{\AA}}$</tex></formula> , <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$b=5.5312(2)\ \hbox{\rm{\AA}}$</tex> </formula> , and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$c=52.5642(2)\ \hbox{\rm{\AA}}$</tex></formula> , the angles are <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\alpha=\beta=\gamma=90.0^{\circ}$</tex></formula> , and unit-cell volume <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm V}=1605.9(1)\ \hbox{\rm{\AA}}^{3}$</tex></formula> . Magnetic properties found from the fit of Curie-Weiss law to the curves of magnetic susceptibility <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\chi$</tex></formula> as a function of temperature show that the Bi-layered Aurivillius material <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox{Bi}}_{4}{\hbox{Gd}}_{2}{\hbox{Ti}}_{3}{\hbox{Fe}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}_{18}$</tex> </formula> behaves as a paramagnetic material with evidence of ferromagnetic contributions, and allows for determining the Curie constant, given by <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm C}=0.014\ {\hbox{emuK/mol}}$</tex> </formula> , effective magnetic moment of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$P_{\rm eff}\mu_{B}=7.78\mu_{\rm B}$</tex></formula> , and temperature independent susceptibility <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\chi_{o}=0.0064\ {\hbox{emu/mol}}$</tex></formula> . Field dependence of magnetization proves strongly paramagnetic behavior of the Bi-layered <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox{Bi}}_{4}{\hbox{Gd}}_{2}{\hbox{Ti}}_{3}{\hbox{Fe}}_{2}{\hbox{O}}_{18}$</tex> </formula> .