Introduction. The influenza A H1N1 generated a pandemic during 2009; governments around the world developed mitigation and control strategies to contain its spread. In Santander prevention plans in a local community were put into practice.Objectives. The knowledge and practices of the population were assessed with respect to the prevention and control of pandemic influenza A H1N1.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study of a random sample of processed survey designed by one of the investigators, was conducted by personnel experienced with the survey method. Analysis was by univariate, bivariate and logistic regression methods.Results. The sample obtained was of 340 inhabitants. Nearly the entire population (97.4%) were aware of the pandemic. Hand washing and use of surgical masks were the best known preventative actions. An association was seen between gender and level of knowledge, and between knowledge of preventative action and the media exposure. The educational level was related to symptom control measures. Age was related with the duration of hand washing and the use of quarantine.Conclusions. The community appeared to have acceptable levels of knowledge and practices for the prevention of influenza A H1N1. Continued mitigation plans at government level were recommended to prevent the spread of influenza.