Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbility and mortality in neutropenic patients after high dose chemotherapy. We performed a retrospective analysis to compare results before and after instituting a prophylactic antibacterial regimen with Levofloxacine, in patients undergoing an auto-SCT. Here we analyze data for patients transplanted from July 2006 and June 2007 (group A), who received Levofloxacine as antibacterial prophylaxis and compared the results with a control group transplanted from July 2005 to June 2006 (group B), who didn't receive Levofloxacine. Both groups received similar conditioning regimens and support treatment. Indication for auto-SCT were Hodgkin Lymphoma, Non Hodgkin Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. There were 36 patients in group A and 24 in group B. Table 1 compares the results in both groups. In this series of 84 patients, Levofloxacine prophylaxis reduced the percentage of patients with fever, hospital stay, days of neutropenic fever, days of antibiotic uses, number of antibiotics per patient, % of patient receiving antimicotics. This results are in accordance with recent publish papers on that subject.Tabled 1Characteristics of patients by groupsCharacteristisGroup AGroup B# Patients3624Age (years)∗Mean (range).44 (12–67)35.1 (6–68)M/F22/1418/6Hospital Stay (days)∗Mean (range).23 (14–37)27 (16–44)% patients with fever69.4%95.8%Neutropenic fever (days)∗Mean (range).3.65.3Antibiotic use (days)∗Mean (range).18 (0–69)27 (4–77)Number antibiotics/patient∗Mean (range).2.3 (0–6)3.4 (1–6)% patients treated with antimicotics27%50%Mortality before day 300/362/24∗ Mean (range). Open table in a new tab