The field of neurology in South America began to emerge toward the end of the 19th century, following the origin of the specialty in Europe. There was a consistent and long-standing admiration for European training, which led to the birth of the discipline in South America. The first steps took place almost simultaneously with European countries in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and Peru. In the other countries, the development of neurology took place later in the 20th century.1,2 The authors specially thank those who provided information on the history of neurology in their respective countries (Argentina: Leopoldo Tamaroff; Brazil: Rubens Reimão; Chile: Jorge Nogales Gaete; Colombia: Diego Roselli; Peru: Carlos Escalante; Uruguay: Eduardo Wilson and Jorge Lorenzo; and Venezuela: Celina León de Ponce).