Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman;} In many mammal species (including humans) both male and female engage in similar behaviors to protect and care for the offspring, with the exception of lactation. Although much is known about the effects of maternal behavior on pup development, very little is known about the contribution of the male on neural development and behavior of the offspirng or about hormonal changes and neurobiological mechanisms that allow the male to display paternal behavior. This article reviews the status of research in these topics.