This work attempts to expose colonialism validity and the task of decolonization in political theory, with the purpose of locating our particular interest for aesthetics in a theoretical horizon that makes possible the inquiry characteristic of art in our particular context. Three parts constitute the work: in the first is located, in a very brief way, the question for the modernity/coloniality as a matter for aesthetics; in the second is undertaken global power’s cartography, with the aim of locating the links of art problems with constituent problems of the world system, which spreads in a series of particular, but interrelated power hierarchies; the third part outlines a challenge in the ethical and political perspective of trans-modernity, decolonization and the inter-epistemic dialogue.