Colletotrichum species cause typical anthracnose symptoms in tree tomato and mango. To characterize species of Colletotrichum in these two crops in Colombia, 91 isolates were collected from several localities. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear gene sequencing of the ITS region and the glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ) gene allowed the identification of three groups: acutatum, gloeosporioides and boninense. These three groups were further confirmed using two additional genomic regions ( chitin synthase 1 and actin ) for 30 isolates representative of the three previously identified complexes and one genomic region ( ApMat ) for the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex strains. The entire approach permitted a robust strain identification that allowed phylogenetic species recognition ( PSR ) based on the identification of well‐supported monophyletic clades and concordance between individual and multilocus phylogenies. Morphological and physiological assays were also conducted. Isolates that were morphologically identified as C. gloeosporioides showed high phenotypic diversity. Pathogenicity data revealed a considerable degree of host preference.