The purpose of this work is to stablish a portrait of the first Mexican industrialist project that developed between 1830 and 1845. Time when centralist oriented governments conceived and implemented economic modernization project in the textile sector supported by the state behalf the establishment of protectionist commercial and fiscal policies. The analyses will focus on an objective evaluation of this project with the goal to comprehend the achievements, limitations, and difficulties that impeded its consolidation. This study will be based in the reading and interpretation of the existent academic productions on the subject, also in the memories of the key characters in the development of this project, like Lucas Alaman y Esteban Antunano, and its principal critics, Jose Maria Luis Mora and Mariano Otero. This article is composed in three parts, the first one looks to show the economical context at the emergence of the industrialist project, the second one is related to its implementation, and the third one refers to the failure of the project as a result of the war against the United States of America.