Fragmentation and habitat loss are some of the major threats to biodiversity, altered ecological processes important for the regulation of ecosystems that may eventually be associated to processes of species extinction. The response of the species to these phenomena occurs at different scales of space-time, making the study of fragmentation and its effect on species in a challenge and an urgent need for the conservation. In this sense this article examines the fragmentation impacts on the ecological interactions, organizational levels and at the same time, we evaluate in a general way the state of the research on the topic in Latin America.