Adherence to treatment has turned a central issue for all those involved in HIV-AIDS care, mainly after 1996 with the introduction of antiretroviral therapies. Taking into account some of the results of research developed in the context of our Anthropology and Health Program of the Faculty of Philosophy and Literature of University of Buenos Aires, we analyze the “adherence problem” applying a multidimensional approach to the process of treatment, incorporating the experience of living with and attending the consequences of Hiv in its social, political and economic contexts.