Since colonial times, Catholicism has been object of historiography as a main protagonist of social, cultural and political processes occurred in Latin America. This article intends, on the one hand, to make a general presentation of the historical studies produced after the second half of the 20th Century; on the other hand, the article pretends to give an opinion on its trends and general state at the beginning of the 21st Century in Colombia and Latin America. In this sense, the article analyses the relationship for the study of Catholicism between Social Science and Theology -disciplines in secular divorce-.