The debate on the effects and impacts of climate change has intensified in recent years. Globally, it is considered as a threat, not only from the environmental point of view but also socially and economically, because of its possible impact on different sectors, including agriculture, which is one of the most vulnerable. Understanding the potential impacts is essential for developing and implementing adaptation strategies, which are required to manage emerging risks related to climate. This article, drawn from a review of recent scientific literature on climate change, provides an overview of the impact of climate change on agriculture, and considers expected effects on water resources and explores the challenges and opportunities for adaptation. It concludes that risk assessment is a key factor in reducing agriculture vulnerability to climate change.