This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic concepts Geological setting and stratigraphy of Amazonian foreland basin deposits Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of the Colombian foreland basin system Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of the Ecuadorian foreland basin system Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of the Peruvian and northern Bolivian foreland basin system Neogene(?) to Present Sedimentation rates Discussion Acknowledgments Conclusions References