Objectives. To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the ten years risk of cardio-cerebrovascular event in patients with dyslipidemia who were affiliated to the Colombian health system. Materials and methods. A retrospective study was carried out in a random and stratified sample of 551 patients with dyslipidemia, from a population of 41 201 people with lipid-lowering therapy in ten Colombian cities between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2011. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and biochemical variables were taken from medical records, as well as risk factors. To establish the 10-year cardiovascular risk was used Framingham algorithm. Results. 311 patients were included, 56.4% of them were women, mean age 64.9 ± 10.8 years. The mean probability of developing a cardiovascular event at 10 years was 14%. Other cardiovascular risk factors found were hypertension (93.2%), male older than 55 years (35.8%), women older than 65 years (28.1%), diabetes mellitus (28.5%), family history of coronary heart disease (17.2%), personal history of heart disease or stroke (16.7%) and smoking (6.4%). The types of dyslipidemia by frequency were: mixed (46.6%), isolated hypercholesterolemia (29.4%) and hypertriglyceridaemia (20.3%). Conclusions. Patients were men and women older than 65 years, mainly suffering mixed dyslipidemia, and have a 14.0% probability of suffering a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years. It should promote healthy public policies to reduce the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.