This paper aimed to outline briefly the main features of the Industrial Property Law in the positive system of Brazil, as well as examining the grounds on which rests the protection offered by legislation for inventions, utility models, industrial designs and trademarks. In this context, along with analysis of key characteristics of industrial property rights were addressed the international regime of intellectual property, the legal texts dealing with such matters in Brazil, as well as it was revealed the need to harmonize the powers of the regulator. The complexity and richness of the theme avoid the analysis in this short paper of many issues of great importance. However, it is hoped that this study serves as a starting point for those interested in the positive system of Brazilian industrial property protection.