In this paper, we discuss the concept of “autonomy” as a basic concept of the decentralized territorial entities performance of municipalities and Departments, from the Constitutional Court’s Precedents and the Principle system, founded on a wide realm since 1992. This concept has been studied in a deep way; but it hasn’t much influence in many practical cases. Colombia still relies on a pro-unit centralist and institutional outline, which is evidence of an interrupted regional development (in issues such as taxes and government subjects). Therefore, there is a strong contrast between an almost ossified statism and a very political and multifaceted society, an active society that doesn’t stop.