In this article we propose an operative definition of landscape that includes not only its material aspects but also its capability to signify and direct social relationships. This concept is applied, focusing on the spatial dimension, to the study of three archaeological sites in the Argentinian Northwest, belonging to the Regional Development Period (1000-1480)/Inka (1480-1535). Analyzing information related to the landscape, we interpret sociopolitical aspects concerning the inhabitants of the Hualfin Valley in a period characterized by conflict and warfare.