This appendix presents some of the results from linear algebra used throughout the book.It is assumed that the reader has some knowledge of basic matrix theory.The reader interested in further reading on this topics is referred to Searle (1982).1.The vectors in R n are considered to be row-vectors.If x = (xi, • • • , x") and y = (j/i, ■ • ■ , y n ) are vectors in R n , then their inner product is defined as:The Euclidean norm of a vector x = (x\,■■■ ,x n ) of R n is the real number ||x|| := ^/(x,x).2. The determinant of a square matrix A is notated det (A).3. The trace of a square matrix A is written tr (A).