The distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal structures in roots, in soil surrounding roots and in amended coffee pulps (CP) was investigated in 12 coffee plantations in Colombia. Fresh CP had been added to plants 6-10 months before sampling. The questions were whether soil chemical and physical parameter and soil depth had an effect on mycorrhiza. Root colonization rates with AM increased in CP amended-plants (F=7.75, P 0.05). External mycelium length differed between locations (F= 5.89, P < 0.001) and was inversely correlated with soil water content (r= -0.655, P = 0.02). External mycelium length per AM colonized root was higher in the lower soil layer (F=14.82, P < 0.05). Soil aeration seemed to be an important physical characteristic for mycorrhiza development in and around coffee roots. Higher mycorrhiza colonization in CP amended-plants might be an adaptive strategy for nutrients acquisition, and AM external mycelium that colonizes CP might take up nutrients directly during CP decomposition.