The dynamic worldwide agri-food market has produced increased biological, chemical and physical threats to food products, and a bigger consumer demand on process control, quality and safety of these products.As a result, farmers and processors are using technological tools to allow for the quick, effective and efficient determination of hazards inherent to safety and quality of products.Biosensors are an important option in the agricultural and food sectors to control production processes and ensure food quality and safety by reliable, fast and cost effective procedures.Biosensors are promising alternatives to conventional analytical tools since they offer advantages in size, cost, specificity, rapid response, precision and sensitivity.The agricultural and food industry integrates the production, processing and commercialization of agricultural materials for specific markets and consumer demands.Each step in the agricultural and food production chain is susceptible to several threats since agricultural materials and food products are transported to different parts of the world, favoring the loss of quality and the transmission of diseases.The biological, chemical and/or physical threats may be the result of environmental contamination or failures during food handling, processing, packing and distribution.Detect, correct and prevent these failures are the basis for the development of quality management systems to ensure food safety.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year millions of people around the world are affected by foodborne diseases.Biological risks produced by bacteria, viruses and biotoxins, chemical substances (e.g., additives), food nutrients used to add product value, pesticides, veterinary drugs residues, and processing operations and technologies that may generate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from proteins decomposition, or mutagenic agents (e.g., tryptophan) in cooked foods, constitute risks to consumers health.On the other hand, consumer demands have contributed to dramatic changes in the production and commercialization of foods, leading producers to search for innovative products and technologies.Furthermore, recent food crises have caused concerns regarding the safety of food products, resulting in increased sanitary standards.Today, food safety and food quality are key elements that influence consumers purchasing behavior.However, consumer perception varies with ethnicity, purchasing power, education level and awareness.Consequently, there are consumer groups that make purchasing decisions based on product price, regardless of food handling practices and potential public health risks; www.intechopen.com