AbstractExperiments in systems where each run generates a curve, that is, where the response of interest is a set of observed values of a function, are common in engineering. In this paper, we present a Bayesian predictive modeling approach for functional response systems. The goal is to optimize the shape, or profile, of the functional response. A robust parameter design scenario is assumed where there are controllable factors and noise factors that vary randomly according to some distribution. The approach incorporates the uncertainty in the model parameters in the optimization phase, extending earlier approaches by J. Peterson (in the multivariate regression case) to the functional response case based on a hierarchical two-stage mixed-effects model. The method is illustrated with real examples taken from the literature and with simulated data, and practical aspects related to model building and diagnostics of the assumed mixed-effects model are discussed.KeywordsProfile ResponsesRobust DesignSignal-Response Systems Additional informationNotes on contributorsEnrique Del CastilloDr. Castillo is a Distinguished Professor of Engineering and Professor of Statistics in the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering. His email address is exd13@psu.edu.Bianca M. ColosimoDr. Colosimo is an Associate Professor in the Production Technology Group, Dipartimento di Meccanica. Her email address is biancamaria.colosimo@polimi.it.Hussam AlshraidehMr. Alshraideh is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering. His email is: haalshraideh@just.edu.jo