The present work analyses the recent trends of the protracted internal armed conflict in Colombia, as well as its effects in terms of the humanitarian crisis affecting the country.Beyond the advancement of some hypotheses that contribute to the understanding of the origins and dynamics of the Political Violence in Colombia, this article signals the challenges, agendas and feasible scenarios in which the Law, as a normative social science, will have to prove its ability to contribute in the construction of a fairer and peaceful society.